Building forms

Field types

Every question type, what it stores, and the validation it accepts. Choosing the closest type is worth a moment — it decides the keyboard a phone shows, what the export column contains, and whether a rule can do arithmetic on the answer.

Text

TypeStoresUse it for
Short answerA single line of textNames, reference numbers, anything under a sentence.
Long answerMulti-line textComments and descriptions. Always takes a full row in grid layout.
EmailA validated addressContact details. Rejected at submit if it is not a plausible address.
PhoneA phone number as typedContact details. Shows a numeric keypad on mobile.
WebsiteA URLLinks. Must include a scheme to pass validation.

Text fields accept a minimum and maximum length, and a regular-expression pattern for formats you need to enforce exactly — an employee code, a vehicle registration.

Numbers and scales

TypeStoresUse it for
NumberA numberQuantities and amounts. Accepts a minimum and maximum. Rules can do arithmetic on it.
SliderA number within a rangeA bounded value where the range itself is the point — satisfaction out of ten.
Star ratingAn integerQuick sentiment. Faster to answer than a number box.
NPSAn integer 0–10Net promoter score, with the standard eleven-point presentation.

Choices

TypeStoresUse it for
Choose oneOne valueRadio buttons. Best under about seven options, where seeing them all at once helps.
Choose all that applyAn array of valuesCheckboxes. Exports as a delimited list.
Select an optionOne valueA dropdown. Better than radios once the list is long, and the only sensible choice above about thirty.

Any of the three can take its options from an option list instead of a hand-typed set. That is what you want for districts, schools or anything else more than one form needs — see Option lists.

Dates, files and signatures

TypeStoresUse it for
DateA calendar dateDates of birth, visit dates, deadlines. Accepts an allowed range.
File uploadA reference to an uploaded fileEvidence and attachments. Accepts allowed file types and a size cap.
SignatureA drawn signature imageAcknowledgements and sign-off. Always full width.

Structure

TypeStoresUse it for
Section headerNothingA heading and optional description between questions. Not counted in question numbering.
MatrixA value per rowThe same scale asked about several items. Always full width — a matrix at half width scrolls sideways.
Repeating sectionAn array of answer setsA block asked an unknown number of times: every child in a household, every item on a claim.

Required, and what it means

Marking a question Required means a response cannot be submitted without it. The check runs on the server, so it holds regardless of what the browser did.

A required question that is hiddenby conditional logic is not enforced — someone cannot be blocked by a field they were never shown. If you need “required only when…”, that is a rule rather than a checkbox; see Rules and calculations.